翼型后缘平板影响的风洞实验研究

给出了在翼型后缘加不同尺寸和形状的平板对翼型升阻特性和力矩特性的影响。实验是在西北工业大学翼型研究中心的NF-3风洞中进行的。实验雷诺数为3×106。实验结果表明，在翼型后缘加平板对翼型的气动特性有明显影响，在使用中，可根据不同的要求研制不同形状的平板来改变其气动特性，以满足使用要求。     

小型无人机电视引导撞网回收中的电视图像测距方法

以撞网方式回收无人机是符合现代无人机发展方向的回收方式。以此方式回收无人机对近场无人机测距提出了更高要求。本文研究了双摄像机绑定跟踪测距的方法，它结合传统光学测距技术和数字图像分析技术．与传统的光学测距相比，提高了测距速度和精度。本文介绍了双摄像机测距原理，给出了空中飞机图像捕捉和目标匹配算法，并介绍了测距误差的校正。实物地面实验结果证明这种测距系统可安全引导无人机撞网回收。     

抗旋转和尺度变化的导航系统图像匹配算法

在惯性导航系统中,定量分析了景象匹配过程中惯性导航系统漂移和无线电气压高度表测量误差对实测图的旋转和尺度所造成的影响,引入了对数极坐标变换.基于图像边缘特征提取,提出了一种结合中心点的4-邻域点共同参与计算的抗旋转和小尺度变化的图像匹配算法,并给出了相应的算法流程.仿真分析表明,在导航系统误差漂移所引起的图像旋转和气压高度表所引起的尺度变化范围内,该算法能满足匹配准确性的要求,并能有效给出系统的定位误差修正信息.     

典型激波针减阻降热特性及流动机理

为研究激波针对超/高超声速钝头飞行器进行减阻降热的相关特性,采用数值模拟方法对6种典型激波针构型的流动特征开展系统研究。给出了激波针长度、来流马赫数对流动特征的影响规律,并对其形成机理进行了探讨。结果显示:马赫数较低时,头部有扰流物的5种激波针在回流区即将分裂时减阻率最大;马赫数较高时,减阻率在回流区分裂前后出现局部峰值,但最大减阻率将出现在回流区分裂后更长的激波针长度下。马赫数为3时,6种构型减阻率达最大时的相对长度在0.8~1.2之间,相比而言,球型、半球型和双锥型的减阻效果最好,最大减阻率为45%~50%;圆锥型最差,为20%~25%,明显低于头部有扰流物的构型。相同的激波针长度下,头部有扰流物构型的减阻率随马赫数增大而增大,圆锥型则相反。流场回流区、分离激波、弓形激波、局部膨胀流动等导致的压力分布变化是构型整体阻力变化的主要成因。      

高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘的三维轮廓

为了解决高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘三维轮廓的难题,提出了一种基于球阵列标定检验方法,直接对金属表面的叶片前缘三维轮廓进行高精度测量的相位轮廓测量系统.通过多角度数据融合算法和非线性最小二乘的递归算法,最后高精度测量出叶片前缘三维轮廓,对叶片前缘16个剖面进行拟合,得出了叶片前缘半径和前缘圆心.结果显示:叶片前缘测量系统、方法和算法的综合误差为±0.03mm.此实验装置和方法测量效率高、精度高,将叶片测量和模型化技术推进了一步.      

Experiments on unsteady vortex flowfield of typical rotor airfoils under dynamic stall conditions

A new experiment for airfoil dynamic stall is conducted by employing the advanced particle image velocimetry(PIV) technology in an open-return wind tunnel. The aim of this experimental investigation is to demonstrate the influences of different motion parameters on the convection velocity, position and strength of leading edge vortex(LEV) of airfoil under different dynamic stall conditions. Two different typical rotor airfoils, OA209 and SC1095, are measured at different free stream velocities, oscillation frequencies, and angles of attack. It is demonstrated by the measured data that the airfoil with larger leading edge radius could notably decrease the strength of LEV. The angle of attack(Ao A) of airfoil can obviously influence the dynamic stall characteristics of airfoil,and the LEV would be effectively inhibited by decreasing the mean pitch angle. In addition, the convection velocity of LEV is estimated in this measurement, and the results demonstrate that the influence of airfoil shape on convection velocity of LEV is limited, but the convection velocity of LEV would be increased by enlarging the oscillation frequency. Meanwhile, the convection velocity of LEV is a time variant value, and this value would increase as the LEV convects to the trailing edge of airfoil.     

SAR图像舰船目标边缘检测

提出了一种在正则化基础上,利用小波变化实现合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像舰船目标边缘检测的新方法。传统的利用小波变换实现图像边缘检测时,阈值需要人为设定。针对这一问题,文章引入正则化超分辨技术,从贝叶斯框架下的估计问题出发,采用非二次正则化,平滑图像,保护强散射点目标,实现对 SAR图像进行去噪。利用小波变换的局部化特性和多尺度分析能力,检测突变信号,实现对舰船目标的边缘检测。该方法去噪效果好,边缘 定位准确,仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

Mini-TED跨声速气动特性及其增升机理

通过求解二维可压Navier-Stokes方程,研究了NACA0012翼型加装微型后缘增升装置（mini-TED）后的跨声速流场特性,与Gurney flap （GF）对比分析了几何参数对mini-TED后方涡系及翼型气动特性的影响.将mini-TED的几何细节参数定义为弦向长度和有效高度,两者方向正交.在相同迎角下仅改变mini-TED的弦向长度,后缘涡系结构虽发生变化,但翼型气动力几乎没有影响;反之仅改变有效高度则后缘涡系和翼型气动力系数同时发生明显改变,且与同等高度下的GF气动系数相近.结果表明：有效高度是影响翼型气动特性的决定因素.有效高度改变了mini-TED后涡系的发生范围,而相对于整个翼型绕流,后缘涡系的大小是影响翼型流场最重要的因素,而涡系的微观结构和形态的改变影响相对很小.加装mini-TED后上表面激波位置后移、下表面激波强度削弱,从而翼型表面压力分布特性发生了改变.随有效高度增大,mini-TED诱导的涡系发生区域随之增大,引流作用增强,翼型升力系数、阻力系数和低头力矩系数提高,同时相同迎角下翼型的升阻比明显提高.     

翼型尾缘噪声源空间分布与辐射特性关系

详细研究了翼型湍流边界层尾缘宽频噪声源空间分布与辐射特性的关系.采用基于雷诺平均流场的翼型尾缘宽频预测方法研究了NACA0012翼型湍流边界层尾缘宽频噪声在4种不同工况下的噪声源空间分布与辐射特性.首先计算了NACA0012翼型湍流边界层尾缘噪声源在不同频率下的空间分布.计算结果发现:边界层中湍流是翼型湍流边界层尾缘噪声声源.随着频率的增加,噪声源强度和噪声源空间尺寸都是先增加后减小,噪声源位置不断靠近翼型尾缘.同时也计算了边界层内不同位置处的噪声源对远场噪声的辐射特性,结果表明:边界层内层区域,其噪声频谱能量集中在高频;边界层外部区域,其噪声能量集中在中低频;攻角增大或者来流速度减小,噪声能量向低频转移.      

Mass and performance optimization of an airplane wing leading edge structure against bird strike using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis

Collisions between birds and aircraft are one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. In this study, smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used for simulating the bird strike to an airplane wing leading edge structure. In order to verify the model, first, experiment of bird strike to a flat aluminum plate is simulated, and then bird impact on an airplane wing lead-ing edge structure is investigated. After that, considering dimensions of wing internal structural components like ribs, skin and spar as design variables, we try to minimize structural mass and wing skin deformation simultaneously. To do this, bird strike simulations to 18 different wing structures are made based on Taguchi’s L18 factorial design of experiment. Then grey relational analysis is used to minimize structural mass and wing skin deformation due to the bird strike. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also applied and it is concluded that the most significant parameter for the performance of wing structure against impact is the skin thickness. Finally, a validation simu-lation is conducted under the optimal condition to show the improvement of performance of the wing structure.